Recent advances in multiscale simulations of heat transfer and fluid flow problems

In the thermal and fluid science, multiscale problems may be classified into two categories: multiscale process and multiscale system. In the multiscale process the overall behaviour is governed by the processes that occur on different length/time scales and are inherently related. Turbulent flow is an example. By multiscale system, we refer to a system that is characterised by large variation in length scales, for which the processes at different length scales are not so closely related. The cooling of an electronic system is an example. In this paper, recent advances in the numerical simulations of the first categories are presented.