Proposal for manipulating functional interface properties of composite organic semiconductors with addition of designed macromolecules

The arrangement of the electronic levels in an interface between organic semiconductors is crucial for the operation of devices such as solar cells and light emitting diodes. With the addition of designed macromolecules, we show that it is possible to control the relative position of the highest occupied molecular orbital and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital levels, and consequently improve the performance. The designed macromolecules consist of two end segments, each compatible with one of the interface components, and a central segment which adds functionality to the interface. The tails control the position and the orientation of the functional units. When the central functional unit is an electric dipole, an electrostatic field is created due to the orientation of the dipoles, which shifts the electronic levels in a controlled way. We develop a theoretical framework, based on self-consistent field theory, to study the concentration and the orientation of the central functional units. We find that the levels can shift by as much as several tenths of an eV.