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Precision Measurement of the Helium Flux in Primary Cosmic Rays of Rigidities 1.9 GV to 3 TV with the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer on the International Space Station

  • M. Aguilar
  • , D. Aisa
  • , B. Alpat
  • , A. Alvino
  • , G. Ambrosi
  • , K. Andeen
  • , L. Arruda
  • , N. Attig
  • , P. Azzarello
  • , A. Bachlechner
  • , F. Barao
  • , A. Barrau
  • , L. Barrin
  • , A. Bartoloni
  • , L. Basara
  • , M. Battarbee
  • , R. Battiston
  • , J. Bazo
  • , U. Becker
  • , M. Behlmann
  • B. Beischer, J. Berdugo, B. Bertucci, V. Bindi, S. Bizzaglia, M. Bizzarri, G. Boella, W. De Boer, K. Bollweg, V. Bonnivard, B. Borgia, S. Borsini, M. J. Boschini, M. Bourquin, J. Burger, F. Cadoux, X. D. Cai, M. Capell, S. Caroff, J. Casaus, G. Castellini, I. Cernuda, D. Cerreta, F. Cervelli, M. J. Chae, Y. H. Chang, A. I. Chen, G. M. Chen, H. Chen, H. S. Chen, L. Cheng, H. Y. Chou, E. Choumilov, V. Choutko, C. H. Chung, C. Clark, R. Clavero, G. Coignet, C. Consolandi, A. Contin, C. Corti, E. Cortina Gil, B. Coste, W. Creus, M. Crispoltoni, Z. Cui, Y. M. Dai, C. Delgado, S. Della Torre, M. B. Demirköz, L. Derome, S. Di Falco, L. Di Masso, F. Dimiccoli, C. Díaz, P. Von Doetinchem, F. Donnini, M. Duranti, D. D'urso, A. Egorov, A. Eline, F. J. Eppling, T. Eronen, Y. Y. Fan, L. Farnesini, J. Feng, E. Fiandrini, A. Fiasson, E. Finch, P. Fisher, V. Formato, Y. Galaktionov, G. Gallucci, B. García, R. García-López, C. Gargiulo, H. Gast, I. Gebauer, M. Gervasi, A. Ghelfi, F. Giovacchini, P. Goglov, J. Gong, C. Goy, V. Grabski, D. Grandi, M. Graziani, C. Guandalini, I. Guerri, K. H. Guo, D. Haas, M. Habiby, S. Haino, K. C. Han, Z. H. He, M. Heil, J. Hoffman, T. H. Hsieh, Z. C. Huang, C. Huh, M. Incagli, M. Ionica, W. Y. Jang, H. Jinchi, K. Kanishev, G. N. Kim, K. S. Kim, Th Kirn, M. A. Korkmaz, R. Kossakowski, O. Kounina, A. Kounine, V. Koutsenko, M. S. Krafczyk, G. La Vacca, E. Laudi, G. Laurenti, I. Lazzizzera, A. Lebedev, H. T. Lee, S. C. Lee, C. Leluc, H. L. Li, J. Q. Li, J. Q. Li, Q. Li, Q. Li, T. X. Li, W. Li, Y. Li, Z. H. Li, Z. Y. Li, S. Lim, C. H. Lin, P. Lipari, T. Lippert, D. Liu, H. Liu, Hu Liu, M. Lolli, T. Lomtadze, M. J. Lu, S. Q. Lu, Y. S. Lu, K. Luebelsmeyer, F. Luo, J. Z. Luo, S. S. Lv, R. Majka, C. Mañá, J. Marín, T. Martin, G. Martínez, N. Masi, D. Maurin, A. Menchaca-Rocha, Q. Meng, D. C. Mo, L. Morescalchi, P. Mott, M. Müller, T. Nelson, J. Q. Ni, N. Nikonov, F. Nozzoli, P. Nunes, A. Obermeier, A. Oliva, M. Orcinha, F. Palmonari, C. Palomares, M. Paniccia, A. Papi, M. Pauluzzi, E. Pedreschi, S. Pensotti, R. Pereira, N. Picot-Clemente, F. Pilo, A. Piluso, C. Pizzolotto, V. Plyaskin, M. Pohl, V. Poireau, A. Putze, L. Quadrani, X. M. Qi, X. Qin, Z. Y. Qu, T. Räihä, P. G. Rancoita, D. Rapin, J. S. Ricol, I. Rodríguez, S. Rosier-Lees, A. Rozhkov, D. Rozza, R. Sagdeev, J. Sandweiss, P. Saouter, S. Schael, S. M. Schmidt, A. Schulz Von Dratzig, G. Schwering, G. Scolieri, E. S. Seo, B. S. Shan, Y. H. Shan, J. Y. Shi, X. Y. Shi, Y. M. Shi, T. Siedenburg, D. Son, J. W. Song, F. Spada, F. Spinella, W. Sun, W. H. Sun, M. Tacconi, C. P. Tang, X. W. Tang, Z. C. Tang, L. Tao, D. Tescaro, Samuel C.C. Ting, S. M. Ting, N. Tomassetti, J. Torsti, C. Türkoʇlu, T. Urban, V. Vagelli, E. Valente, C. Vannini, E. Valtonen, S. Vaurynovich, M. Vecchi, M. Velasco, J. P. Vialle, V. Vitale, S. Vitillo, L. Q. Wang, N. H. Wang, Q. L. Wang, R. S. Wang, X. Wang, Z. X. Wang, Z. L. Weng, K. Whitman, J. Wienkenhöver, M. Willenbrock, H. Wu, X. Wu, X. Xia, M. Xie, S. Xie, R. Q. Xiong, N. S. Xu, W. Xu, Q. Yan, J. Yang, M. Yang, Y. Yang, Q. H. Ye, H. Yi, Y. J. Yu, Z. Q. Yu, S. Zeissler, C. Zhang, J. H. Zhang, M. T. Zhang, S. D. Zhang, S. W. Zhang, X. B. Zhang, Z. Zhang, Z. M. Zheng, H. L. Zhuang, V. Zhukov, A. Zichichi, N. Zimmermann, P. Zuccon
  • CIEMAT
  • National Institute for Nuclear Physics
  • University of Perugia
  • Karlsruhe Institute of Technology
  • Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas
  • Jülich Research Centre
  • University of Geneva
  • RWTH Aachen University
  • Université Grenoble Alpes
  • CERN
  • University of Trento
  • University of Turku
  • ASI
  • Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
  • Massachusetts Institute of Technology
  • University of Hawai'i at Mānoa
  • University of Milan - Bicocca
  • National Aeronautics and Space Administration
  • University of Rome La Sapienza
  • Université Savoie Mont Blanc
  • National Research Council of Italy
  • Ewha Womans University
  • National Central University
  • CAS - Institute of High Energy Physics
  • Shandong University
  • University of La Laguna
  • University of Bologna
  • Université catholique de Louvain
  • CAS - Institute of Electrical Engineering
  • Middle East Technical University
  • ASI Space Science Data Center (SSDC)
  • Academia Sinica - Institute of Physics
  • Xi'an Jiaotong University
  • Sun Yat-Sen University
  • Yale University
  • Southeast University, Nanjing
  • Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
  • University of Pisa
  • SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research
  • Chung-shan Institute of Science and Technology Taiwan
  • Kyungpook National University
  • Academia Sinica Taiwan HQ
  • Harbin Institute of Technology
  • Beihang University
  • Huazhong University of Science and Technology
  • University of Science and Technology of China
  • University of Siena
  • University of Maryland, College Park
  • Nankai University
  • Beijing Normal University
  • Shanghai Jiao Tong University
  • Universidade de São Paulo
  • National Cheng Kung University

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

553 Scopus citations

Abstract

Knowledge of the precise rigidity dependence of the helium flux is important in understanding the origin, acceleration, and propagation of cosmic rays. A precise measurement of the helium flux in primary cosmic rays with rigidity (momentum/charge) from 1.9 GV to 3 TV based on 50 million events is presented and compared to the proton flux. The detailed variation with rigidity of the helium flux spectral index is presented for the first time. The spectral index progressively hardens at rigidities larger than 100 GV. The rigidity dependence of the helium flux spectral index is similar to that of the proton spectral index though the magnitudes are different. Remarkably, the spectral index of the proton to helium flux ratio increases with rigidity up to 45 GV and then becomes constant; the flux ratio above 45 GV is well described by a single power law.

Original languageEnglish
Article number211101
JournalPhysical Review Letters
Volume115
Issue number21
DOIs
StatePublished - 17 Nov 2015

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