Potential bioelectroactive bone regeneration polymer nanocomposites with high dielectric permittivity

The frequency dependence of the dielectric permittivity of (barium titanate-hydroxyapatite)/poly(vinylidene fluoride) three-phase nanocomposites is investigated at room temperature and different fractions of barium titanate. The permittivity increases with increasing concentration of barium titanate. A weak decrease in permittivity is also observed for frequencies below 10 ⁶ Hz. The SEM image inset in a dielectric permittivity vs. frequency curve shows that rod-like hydroxyapatite and sphere-like barium titanate nanoparticles exist in the three-phase nanocomposites.