Plateau uplift forcing climate change around 8.6 Ma on the northeastern Tibetan Plateau: Evidence from an integrated sedimentary Sr record

The uplift of the northern Tibetan Plateau (TP) has long been regarded as one of major factors accounting for both the enhanced process of aridification recorded in central Asia and the shifts in the Asian monsoonal circulations that are known to have occurred at approximately 8 Ma. Until now, there have been few sedimentary records reported on which can directly, and in an integrated fashion, shed light on the region's tectonic and climate regimes. This can be largely attributed to the fact that the influence exerted by the presence of source materials and subsequent sedimentary sorting in this tectonically active region would be likely to bias significantly any paleoclimatic interpretation of silicate-derived proxies. Based on detailed investigations of strontium (Sr) distributions revealed by multi-step leaching in a fluvial sequence from the Linxia Basin which includes paleosols, we reconstructed the long-term late Miocene regional climatic and environmental changes likely to have occurred on the northeastern TP from 12.1 to 5.2 Ma. We investigated Sr-related proxies in two typical paleosol profiles to constrain Sr mobility in paleosol weathering, and, thus, to further prompt the interpretation of Sr-related proxies along the whole section. We would suggest that carbonate-derived Sr concentrations and Sr/Ca ratios are suitable proxies for tracing regional climate change associated with weathering and pedogenesis; together, they exhibit weakened chemical weathering intensity and pedogenesis at ~ 8.6 Ma. The concomitant appearance of immature sediments through poor sedimentary sorting revealed by silicate-derived Rb/Sr, ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr and Eu anomaly (Eu/Eu*) alongside a sharp increase in sedimentation rates noted at this time suggests that it was indeed tectonic uplift that principally controlled the dramatic climatic and environmental changes. This multi-proxy record of concomitant tectonic uplift and climate change in the Linxia Basin provides direct geological evidence for uplift driven climate change in the northeastern TP region.