Piezoelectric strain in lead zirconate titante ceramics as a function of electric field, frequency, and dc bias

The electromechanical response of piezoelectric ceramics as a function of the amplitude and frequency of large electric fields is investigated. A ZMI 2000 laser interferometer system is installed and modified to directly measure the strains of ferroelectric ceramics. The dependence of the piezoelectric coefficients under an applied dc bias field is studied under quasistatic and resonance conditions. Some of the experiments provided evidence of the time dependence of the piezoelectric response.