Physical simulation of converter steelmaking with powder injection

A water model of top and bottom blown converter with top lance powder injection and bottom tuyere powder injection was established to investigate the powder injection. The results show that the powder penetration ratio under the condition of top lance injection is greater than that under the condition of bottom tuyere powder injection. In both cases, the powder penetration ratio increases with the increase of solid/gas ratio and powder particle size. Powder uniform dispersion time with top lance powder injection is longer than that with bottom tuyere powder injection. Top lance powder injection, lance height of 258 mm, bottom blowing rate of 1.96 Nm³ h^-1 and powder particle size of 0.212-0.380 mm are suggested as the optimum powder injection operation under the experimental condition. The corresponding optimum operation for prototype is top lance powder injection with lance height of 1550 mm, powder size of 1-5 mm and bottom blowing rate of 450 Nm³ h^-1.