Optimization of energy management system with simulated annealing approach for hybrid power source in electric vehicles

An optimization method based on simulated annealing (SA) approach for the energy management of the compound-type hybrid power source (CHPS) is proposed to focus on the operating modes of CHPS and the optimization of power distributions in different operating modes. The operating modes of the CHPS are divided into different layers, and loss models of different components are established for the energy management system. Energy management strategies are designed for different layers. The SA approach is used to reduce the system loss on the basis of the energy management strategies in different layers. A simulation model and an experimental platform of the CHPS are constructed. Experimental results and comparisons with the hysteresis-logic threshold control strategy show that the total system loss of the CHPS using the proposed method reduces 0.8% and 1.1%, respectively, in the NYCC and EUDC drive cycles. It can be concluded that the proposed energy management system of the CHPS reduces the system loss and realizes the optimization of power distributions. Moreover, the CHPS can respond to the power demands, provide or absorb peak powers by ultracapacitor (UC), and ensures the safety of batteries.