Optimal Renewable Energy Distributed Generators Placement for Resilient Distribution System

To improve the resilience of a distribution system and incorporate high-permeability renewable energy under energy transition, we propose the optimal placement model of distributed generator for renewable energy. In this model, the generators are placed at the planning stage. When a fault has occurred, the renewable energy generators and the controllable generators form microgrids under a master–slave operation to support loads in the non-fault areas. A robust optimization method is applied to reduce the load curtailment loss of power system under the worst-case fault, which helped cope with the fault uncertainty. In view of the uncertainty of renewable energy output, typical output scenarios are constructed to improve the comprehensive optimization effect. The optimization is formulated as a tri-level defender–attacker–defender (DAD) framework. On the first level, decision-makers work out the placement scheme. On the second level, the attacker finds the attack strategy with maximum damage. On the third level, restoration measures including plow-flow optimization and topology reconfiguration are undertaken. The nested column-and-constraint generation (NCCG) is applied to solve the problem, and the model effect is validated through IEEE 37-node system.