Offshore Wind Farms-Photovoltaic-Energy Storage Systems Planning Based on Kernel Copula

The increasing global demand for renewable energy has positioned offshore wind as a key component of energy strategies due to its low environmental impact. Scaling up offshore wind power and achieving efficient grid integration are critical to meeting future energy needs. However, the integration process is challenged by the inherent unpredictability and variability of wind power output. This paper proposes a comprehensive planning method combining kernel density estimation and copula functions to model offshore wind farms (OWF) and generate output power curves. The method also incorporates the synergy relationship between photovoltaic (PV) and OWF, along with multi-timescale energy storage systems (ESS), to optimize energy consumption. Case studies and sensitivity analyses reveal that this approach enhances the consumption capacity of OWF and PV while effectively mitigating output fluctuations, with the optimization results demonstrating a degree of robustness.