OCDS: Consortium Blockchain-Empowered Oblivious and Consistent Data Asset Sharing for Internet of Vehicles

The Internet of Vehicles (IoV) produces massive volumes of vehicular data rich in traffic patterns, driving behavior, and location intelligence, rendering it a valuable asset for transportation systems, urban planning, and commercial applications, thus necessitating secure and efficient data asset sharing. However, existing vehicular data sharing solutions do not protect data access patterns, risking privacy leaks. In this paper, we propose OCDS, a consortium blockchain-empowered oblivious and consistent data asset sharing for IoV. OCDS enables vehicles to write and read data assets in an oblivious way by introducing BdcORAM, which employs a tree-structured world state and implements a two-phase oblivious write protocol alongside a consistent oblivious read protocol. Additionally, we further design two optimized variants of BdcORAM to optimize performance for unbalanced read-write workloads. Through comprehensive security analyses and experimental evaluation, OCDS demonstrates it achieves data confidentiality, access anonymity, and secure read consistency without incurring significant performance overhead.