Numerical analysis of liquid metal helical coil once-through tube steam generator

Much attention has been focused on the Liquid Metal Fast Reactor (LMFR) as one of the most promising concepts for GEN-IV reactors. Helical coil once-through tube steam generator (HCOTSG) is a proposed form of steam generator. Due to its unique advantages, HCOTSG is widely used in various reactor power systems, including LMFR. In this paper, a numerical approach is proposed to simulate heat transfer from the primary side (liquid metal) and secondary side (water/steam). The liquid lead-bismuth eutectic (LBE) is flowing in the shell side and pressurized water is flowing in the tube side. FLUENT CFD commercial code is adopted for the simulations. The robustness of the method is validated by comparing it with relevant experimental research, and the maximum error is less than 25%. Based on this method, the distribution of thermal-hydraulic parameters inside HCOTSG is obtained and the flow and heat transfer characteristics are analyzed. The influence of boundary conditions and geometric parameters on the flow and heat transfer in HCOTSG is analyzed. The comprehensive performance of different models is compared with the comprehensive performance evaluation index. The optimal geometric arrangement scheme for the working conditions is recommended. Compared with the reference model, the comprehensive performance can be improved by up to 14%. This study provides a numerical simulation method reference for the study of flow and heat transfer characteristics and structural design optimization of liquid metal HCOTSG.