New understanding of morphology evolution of thermoplastic vulcanizate (TPV) during dynamic vulcanization

Thermoplastic vulcanizates (TPVs) have attracted considerable attention as typical 'green' polymers in recent years and have been widely used in industry because they combine the excellent resilience of conventional elastomers and the easy recyclability of thermoplastics. With a new understanding of the formation and agglomeration of the rubber nanoparticles in ethylene propylene diene monomer/polypropylene (EPDM/PP) TPV, we revealed a new mechanism for the morphology evolution of TPV during dynamic vulcanization (DV). The phase inversion in TPV is dominated by the formation and agglomeration of the rubber nanoparticles rather than the elongation and breakup of the cross-linked rubber phase as previously reported. The size of the rubber agglomerates increases with increasing DV time and then remains constant after DV. In addition, we studied the relationship between the cross-linking of the rubber phase, formation and agglomeration of the rubber nanoparticles, and phase inversion and variation of the rubber network during DV. This study provides guidance to control the microstructure of TPV in preparation of high performance TPV products for automobile and electronic applications.