Multi-parameter optimized triboelectric nanogenerator for harvesting and sensing micro-wind vibration energy from power transmission lines

Power supply for sensors on transmission lines is difficult and maintenance is inconvenient. Traditional power supply methods use batteries, which have low working life, high replacement costs, and serious pollution problems. Sustainability and reliability of power supply at power transmission line nodes face severe challenges. In this study, based on the principle of triboelectric nanogenerator and environmental energy harvesting technology, a cost-effective, lightweight power line vibration energy harvesting and self-powered vibration monitoring device was designed and constructed. In terms of the sensing component, structural and material optimization design improved the output performance of the sensing TENG by 6.9 times compared to the original structure. The use of flexible rabbit hair greatly improved the durability of the sensor, which achieved high-sensitivity vibration detection (39nA/Hz@Displacement:6 mm). In terms of energy harvesting, economical, high-volume biochar doping improved the output performance of the film by 2 times compared to the original film. An output power density of 4.7 W/m³ was obtained at a frequency of 30 Hz and an amplitude of 1.5 mm. Finally, by conducting environmental temperature and humidity sensing and vibration sensing simulation experiments, the feasibility of self-powered environmental sensing and self-powered monitoring of power line vibrations was verified. This study provides a reliable solution for maintenance-free monitoring in smart grids.