Modulating Magnetic Properties by Tailoring In-Plane Domain Structures in Hexagonal YMnO₃ Films

Periodic structures and the coupling of multiorder parameters in complex oxides heterojunctions can generate exotic properties, of interest both for fundamental researches and for device applications. Here, we report a self-assembling in-plane periodic domain structure, and the resulting rich magnetic states, in a h-YMnO₃ thin film fabricated on c-face sapphire substrate. Detailed structural investigations at atomic-level reveal the fashion of alternating domains under tensile or compressive strains separated by a boundary region. Tuned by this in-plane domain structure, the abnormal magnetic properties, such as the ferromagnetic enhancement and the unexpected spin glass state (below ∼38 K), are realized. Moreover, the existence of ferroelectric polarization is confirmed by scanning transmission electron microscopy, which brings in the chances of magnetoelectric coupling effect. These results manifest the close connections between the magnetic properties and such in-plane microstructures, suggesting the possibility of tuning the coupling effects via strain engineering in the hexagonal manganite film.