Micro/nano neuronal network cell biosensors

Neuronal network cell biosensors were developed by coupling the neuronal network with multisite detection devices. In this chapter, we will mainly focus on three major issues, including the patterned growth of neuronal networks, principles of various detection devices, and the application of neuronal network-based biosensors in the field of neuroscience and biomedicine. In the culture of neuronal networks, several neuronal patterning techniques will be discussed in detail, such as photolithography, micro-contact printing, microfluidics, etc. The transfection methods were employed in the bioengineering of neuronal networks in order to modify the function of neuronal network. In the field of neuronal network-based biosensor, there are two kinds of multisite detection devices: microelectrode array (MEA) and field-effect transistor (FET). The basic working principle of FET and its advantages will be presented. Based on this knowledge, two other emerging FETsutilized nanomaterials (graphene FET and nanowire FET) will also be introduced. At the end, some examples of neuronal network-based biosensors will be presented by discussing their application in the neuroscience research and drug detection.