Mechanomedicine for Addressing Skeletal Muscle Insulin Resistance

Skeletal muscle insulin resistance (IR) is a critical deficiency in IR pathophysiology that substantially affects overall metabolic health. Skeletal muscle is mechanically sensitive since its structure and function are significantly influenced by factors such as mechanical stretching and tissue stiffness. These mechanical stimuli can cause adaptive changes that enhance muscle performance and resilience. In this review, we discuss the current state of skeletal muscle IR research from the perspective of mechanomedicine. We also systematically and comprehensively present the evolution of mechanomedicine in addressing skeletal muscle IR by various disciplines, including biomechanics, mechanobiology, mechanodiagnosis, and mechanotherapy. The goal of the review is to provide important theoretical insights and practical methods for elucidating the pathogenesis of IR and to advance diagnostic and therapeutic approaches informed by mechanomedicine.