Mechanisms of multiferroic material

Multiferroics, simultaneously existing ferromagnetic (FM) and ferroelectric (FE) order moreover characterized as magnetoelectric (ME) coupling, have been drawing a great deal of research attention since the strong coupling between spin, charge, orbital, and lattice degrees of freedom possessing potential applications in functional devices. In a certain temperature, this kind of material presence of spontaneous polarization and magnetization at the same time, caused by the magnetoelectric coupling effect and consequently the multiferroics, has certain physical properties, and raises a number of new and meaningful physical phenomena. Multiferroic material has become a hot topic in international studies in the past few decades. In this section, first and foremost we discuss multiferroic materials including the typical single-phasemultiferroics and the composite heterojunctions as well. Further instructions include the rich physical mechanisms ofmultiferroic material and how to use it to beat the target of fabricating smaller, faster, low-energy-consumption tunable spintronics/electronic devices. Last but not the least, we review the most recent progress in controlling ME coupling such as strain, spin wave, exchange bias (EB), and novel interfacial effects.