Measurement of magnetic field distribution produced by high-current pulse using Zeeman splitting of Na emission distributed by laser ablation

Measurement of the magnetic field distribution in Z-pinch experiments remains an ongoing challenge. We present a method of measuring the radial distribution of the magnetic field around a copper rod using Zeeman splitting of sodium (Na) emission lines, in which an Na layer is formed by the laser ablation of NaCl crystals on a load surface. The load consists of a copper rod of 2 mm diameter and is pre-covered on its surface by the NaCl crystals. An 8 ns pulsed laser with an energy of 1 J and wavelength of 532 nm is focused on the crystals. The Na plasma is produced and expands from the surface of the copper rod into a vacuum. After applying a pulsed current with a peak value of 375 kA to the load, the Na 3s-3p doublet displays significant Zeeman splitting patterns. The self-luminosity of the Na plasma is recorded by a spectrometer coupled with an intensified charge-coupled device camera from an end-on view to eliminate the effects of different observing angles and Doppler shifts. We determine the magnetic field by fitting the measured spectra with the calculated results of the Voigt profile. The measurable range of radial position is 5-7 mm, and the corresponding magnetic field is 5-15 T. The averaged error of curve fitting is less than 12%.