Low carbon economic dispatch of electric-hydrogen-blended natural gas integrated energy system with multi-energy coupling and integrated demand response

Amidst the global energy transition, integrated energy systems (IES) face significant challenges, including high operating costs, excessive carbon emissions, and limited renewable energy integration. To address these issues, this study proposes a novel low-carbon economic dispatch framework that incorporates emerging energy carriers (hydrogen and hydrogen-blended natural gas (HBNG)), a heterogeneous multi-energy device system (such as power-to-gas with carbon capture system (P2G-CCS) units, hydrogen-blended combined heat and power plants, and hydrogen-blended gas boilers), and low-carbon economic strategies including ladder-type carbon trading (LCT) and integrated demand response (IDR). Case studies are conducted to validate the effectiveness of the proposed model, with particular emphasis on the impact of IDR on IES. The results demonstrate that the proposed framework promotes low-carbon and cost-effective operation of the system, with IDR showing the most pronounced effects in systems equipped with hydrogen-coupled devices. Specifically, the total cost decreases by 5.65 %, wind curtailment costs drop by 65.67 %, and carbon emissions are reduced by 4.3 %. The findings provide practical engineering insights for advancing the integration of hydrogen with traditional energy infrastructure, as well as for promoting comprehensive demand response mechanisms and the carbon trading market.