Highly Sensitive Mass Sensing Scheme via Energy Relocalization With a Coupled Three-Beam Array

This article clarifies a high-sensitivity mass sensing mechanism, intrinsically correlated with energy relocalization. A sensing theory is derived to predict the amplitude-frequency curve with respect to the effect of mass perturbation, where high linearity is observed for both amplitude changes and frequency shifts. A localization factor is defined to characterize the degree of the energy localization, and its physical rationality is demonstrated with a coupled three-beam array as an example. A higher detection sensitivity via energy relocalization, increased by about 123.8% based on the amplitude change and by 250% based on the localization factor, is experimentally obtained with a high vibration amplitude compared to a low one. A mass sensing-warning scheme is further proposed for low-concentration monitoring and high-concentration warning, applicable to the detection and warning of a gas leak, dust pollution, harmful chemicals, and so on.