Hierarchical Game-Theoretic Control for Distributed Power Quality Systems Under Capacity Constraints

To mitigate the massive and spatially dispersed power quality (PQ) disturbances induced by renewable energy generation and nonlinear loads directly at their source, overcome the inherent capability deficiencies of conventional centralized and on-site mitigation modes, and reduce the additional losses from long-distance disturbance transmission, this article proposes a terminal-side distributed power quality control system (DPQCS) driven by a novel hierarchical game-theoretic control strategy. By deploying numerous compact and modular intelligent power quality control units (IPQCUs) at terminal distribution cabinets closest to the sources, this architecture establishes a dedicated distributed cyber–physical system (CPS) for PQ mitigation, successfully shifting the mitigation boundary to the disturbance sources. Furthermore, to address the operational scenarios where terminal mitigation nodes face insufficient compensation capacity induced by sustained load fluctuations, the proposed hierarchical game-theoretic strategy plays a pivotal role. The primary tier guarantees strict PQ standard compliance via a minimum-capacity sufficiency model, while the secondary tier employs a cooperative loss-weighted game model to dynamically optimize residual resource allocation, thereby minimizing transmission losses. Simulation results demonstrate the architectural superiority of the DPQCS over existing methods. Additionally, experimental results confirm that the proposed control strategy prioritizes full PQ compliance and reduces transmission losses by 17.6% and 33.9% compared to conventional direct control and priority-based methods, respectively, providing a highly efficient solution for modern industrial microgrids.