Global Burden of Major Chronic Liver Diseases in 2021

Gong Feng; Yusuf Yilmaz; Luca Valenti; Wai Kay Seto; Calvin Q. Pan; Nahum Méndez-Sánchez; Feng Ye; Silvia Sookoian; Giovanni Targher; Christopher D. Byrne; Wah Kheong Chan; Sombat Treeprasertsuk; Hon Ho Yu; Seung Up Kim; Jacob George; Wen Jing Xu; Giada Sebastiani; Ponsiano Ocama; John D. Ryan; Monica Lupșor-Platon; Hasmik Ghazinyan; Saeed Hamid; Nilanka Perera; Khalid Alswat; Vasily Isakov; Qiuwei Pan; Shiv Kumar Sarin; Jörn M. Schattenberg; Mohammadjavad Sotoudeheian; Yu Jun Wong; Ala I. Sharara; Said A. Al-Busafi; Christopher Kenneth Opio; Jin Chai; Yasser Fouad; Yu Shi; Mamun Al-Mahtab; Sujuan Zhang; Carlos Jose Pirola; Vincent Wai Sun Wong; Ming Hua Zheng

doi:10.1111/liv.70058

Global Burden of Major Chronic Liver Diseases in 2021

Gong Feng
, Yusuf Yilmaz
, Luca Valenti
, Wai Kay Seto
, Calvin Q. Pan
, Nahum Méndez-Sánchez
, Feng Ye
, Silvia Sookoian
, Giovanni Targher
, Christopher D. Byrne
, Wah Kheong Chan
, Sombat Treeprasertsuk
, Hon Ho Yu
, Seung Up Kim
, Jacob George
, Wen Jing Xu
, Giada Sebastiani
, Ponsiano Ocama
, John D. Ryan
, Monica Lupșor-Platon

Hasmik Ghazinyan, Saeed Hamid, Nilanka Perera, Khalid Alswat, Vasily Isakov, Qiuwei Pan, Shiv Kumar Sarin, Jörn M. Schattenberg, Mohammadjavad Sotoudeheian, Yu Jun Wong, Ala I. Sharara, Said A. Al-Busafi, Christopher Kenneth Opio, Jin Chai, Yasser Fouad, Yu Shi, Mamun Al-Mahtab, Sujuan Zhang, Carlos Jose Pirola, Vincent Wai Sun Wong, Ming Hua Zheng

Xi'an Medical University
The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University
Recep Tayyip Erdogan University
University of Milan
IRCCS Fondazione Ca'Granda – Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico - Milano
The University of Hong Kong
The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital
New York University
Fundación Clínica Médica Sur
Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas
Universidad Maimónides
University of Verona
IRCCS Ospedale Sacro Cuore Don Calabria
University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust
University of Malaya
Chulalongkorn University
Kiang Wu Hospital
Yonsei University
The University of Sydney
McGill University
Makerere University
Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland
Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy
Yerevan Scientific Medical Center
Aga Khan University
University of Sri Jayewardenepura
King Saud University
Biotechnology and Food Safety
Erasmus University Rotterdam
Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences
Saarland University
Iran University of Medical Sciences
Changi General Hospital
University of Alberta
American University of Beirut
Sultan Qaboos University
Third Military Medical University
Minia University
Zhejiang University
Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University
No 983 Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army
Chinese University of Hong Kong
The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University
Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment for the Development of Chronic Liver Disease in Zhejiang Province

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

15 Scopus citations

Abstract

Background: This study utilised the Global Burden of Disease data (2010–2021) to analyse the rates and trends in point prevalence, annual incidence and years lived with disability (YLDs) for major chronic liver diseases, such as hepatitis B, hepatitis C, metabolic dysfunction-associated liver disease, cirrhosis and other chronic liver diseases. Methods: Age-standardised rates per 100,000 population for prevalence, annual incidence and YLDs were compared across regions and countries, as well as the socio-demographic index (SDI). Trends were expressed as percentage changes (PC) and estimates were reported with uncertainty intervals (UI). Results: Globally, in 2021, the age-standardised rates per 100,000 population for the prevalence of hepatitis B, hepatitis C, MASLD and cirrhosis and other chronic liver diseases were 3583.6 (95%UI 3293.6–3887.7), 1717.8 (1385.5–2075.3), 15018.1 (13756.5–16361.4) and 20302.6 (18845.2–21791.9) respectively. From 2010 to 2021, the PC in age-standardised prevalence rates were−20.4% for hepatitis B, −5.1% for hepatitis C, +11.2% for MASLD and + 2.6% for cirrhosis and other chronic liver diseases. Over the same period, the PC in age-standardized incidence rates were -24.7%, -6.8%, +3.2%, and +3.0%, respectively. Generally, negative associations, but with fluctuations, were found between age-standardised prevalence rates for hepatitis B, hepatitis C, cirrhosis and other chronic liver diseases and the SDI at a global level. However, MASLD prevalence peaked at moderate SDI levels. Conclusions: The global burden of chronic liver diseases remains substantial. Hepatitis B and C have decreased in prevalence and incidence in the last decade, while MASLD, cirrhosis and other chronic liver diseases have increased, necessitating targeted public health strategies and resource allocation.

Original language	English
Article number	e70058
Journal	Liver International
Volume	45
Issue number	4
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1111/liv.70058
State	Published - Apr 2025
Externally published	Yes

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

SDG 3 Good Health and Well-being

Keywords

chronic liver diseases
global burden of diseases
incidence
prevalence

Access to Document

10.1111/liv.70058

Cite this

Feng, G., Yilmaz, Y., Valenti, L., Seto, W. K., Pan, C. Q., Méndez-Sánchez, N., Ye, F., Sookoian, S., Targher, G., Byrne, C. D., Chan, W. K., Treeprasertsuk, S., Yu, H. H., Kim, S. U., George, J., Xu, W. J., Sebastiani, G., Ocama, P., Ryan, J. D., ... Zheng, M. H. (2025). Global Burden of Major Chronic Liver Diseases in 2021. Liver International, 45(4), Article e70058. https://doi.org/10.1111/liv.70058

@article{5c5e305fc5ea45e2a9887bcc93bd3fdc,

title = "Global Burden of Major Chronic Liver Diseases in 2021",

abstract = "Background: This study utilised the Global Burden of Disease data (2010–2021) to analyse the rates and trends in point prevalence, annual incidence and years lived with disability (YLDs) for major chronic liver diseases, such as hepatitis B, hepatitis C, metabolic dysfunction-associated liver disease, cirrhosis and other chronic liver diseases. Methods: Age-standardised rates per 100,000 population for prevalence, annual incidence and YLDs were compared across regions and countries, as well as the socio-demographic index (SDI). Trends were expressed as percentage changes (PC) and estimates were reported with uncertainty intervals (UI). Results: Globally, in 2021, the age-standardised rates per 100,000 population for the prevalence of hepatitis B, hepatitis C, MASLD and cirrhosis and other chronic liver diseases were 3583.6 (95\%UI 3293.6–3887.7), 1717.8 (1385.5–2075.3), 15018.1 (13756.5–16361.4) and 20302.6 (18845.2–21791.9) respectively. From 2010 to 2021, the PC in age-standardised prevalence rates were−20.4\% for hepatitis B, −5.1\% for hepatitis C, +11.2\% for MASLD and + 2.6\% for cirrhosis and other chronic liver diseases. Over the same period, the PC in age-standardized incidence rates were -24.7\%, -6.8\%, +3.2\%, and +3.0\%, respectively. Generally, negative associations, but with fluctuations, were found between age-standardised prevalence rates for hepatitis B, hepatitis C, cirrhosis and other chronic liver diseases and the SDI at a global level. However, MASLD prevalence peaked at moderate SDI levels. Conclusions: The global burden of chronic liver diseases remains substantial. Hepatitis B and C have decreased in prevalence and incidence in the last decade, while MASLD, cirrhosis and other chronic liver diseases have increased, necessitating targeted public health strategies and resource allocation.",

keywords = "chronic liver diseases, global burden of diseases, incidence, prevalence",

author = "Gong Feng and Yusuf Yilmaz and Luca Valenti and Seto, \{Wai Kay\} and Pan, \{Calvin Q.\} and Nahum M{\'e}ndez-S{\'a}nchez and Feng Ye and Silvia Sookoian and Giovanni Targher and Byrne, \{Christopher D.\} and Chan, \{Wah Kheong\} and Sombat Treeprasertsuk and Yu, \{Hon Ho\} and Kim, \{Seung Up\} and Jacob George and Xu, \{Wen Jing\} and Giada Sebastiani and Ponsiano Ocama and Ryan, \{John D.\} and Monica Lupșor-Platon and Hasmik Ghazinyan and Saeed Hamid and Nilanka Perera and Khalid Alswat and Vasily Isakov and Qiuwei Pan and Sarin, \{Shiv Kumar\} and Schattenberg, \{J{\"o}rn M.\} and Mohammadjavad Sotoudeheian and Wong, \{Yu Jun\} and Sharara, \{Ala I.\} and Al-Busafi, \{Said A.\} and Opio, \{Christopher Kenneth\} and Jin Chai and Yasser Fouad and Yu Shi and Mamun Al-Mahtab and Sujuan Zhang and Pirola, \{Carlos Jose\} and Wong, \{Vincent Wai Sun\} and Zheng, \{Ming Hua\}",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2025 John Wiley \& Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley \& Sons Ltd.",

year = "2025",

month = apr,

doi = "10.1111/liv.70058",

language = "英语",

volume = "45",

journal = "Liver International",

issn = "1478-3223",

publisher = "Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd",

number = "4",

}

Feng, G, Yilmaz, Y, Valenti, L, Seto, WK, Pan, CQ, Méndez-Sánchez, N, Ye, F, Sookoian, S, Targher, G, Byrne, CD, Chan, WK, Treeprasertsuk, S, Yu, HH, Kim, SU, George, J, Xu, WJ, Sebastiani, G, Ocama, P, Ryan, JD, Lupșor-Platon, M, Ghazinyan, H, Hamid, S, Perera, N, Alswat, K, Isakov, V, Pan, Q, Sarin, SK, Schattenberg, JM, Sotoudeheian, M, Wong, YJ, Sharara, AI, Al-Busafi, SA, Opio, CK, Chai, J, Fouad, Y, Shi, Y, Al-Mahtab, M, Zhang, S, Pirola, CJ, Wong, VWS & Zheng, MH 2025, 'Global Burden of Major Chronic Liver Diseases in 2021', Liver International, vol. 45, no. 4, e70058. https://doi.org/10.1111/liv.70058

TY - JOUR

T1 - Global Burden of Major Chronic Liver Diseases in 2021

AU - Feng, Gong

AU - Yilmaz, Yusuf

AU - Valenti, Luca

AU - Seto, Wai Kay

AU - Pan, Calvin Q.

AU - Méndez-Sánchez, Nahum

AU - Ye, Feng

AU - Sookoian, Silvia

AU - Targher, Giovanni

AU - Byrne, Christopher D.

AU - Chan, Wah Kheong

AU - Treeprasertsuk, Sombat

AU - Yu, Hon Ho

AU - Kim, Seung Up

AU - George, Jacob

AU - Xu, Wen Jing

AU - Sebastiani, Giada

AU - Ocama, Ponsiano

AU - Ryan, John D.

AU - Lupșor-Platon, Monica

AU - Ghazinyan, Hasmik

AU - Hamid, Saeed

AU - Perera, Nilanka

AU - Alswat, Khalid

AU - Isakov, Vasily

AU - Pan, Qiuwei

AU - Sarin, Shiv Kumar

AU - Schattenberg, Jörn M.

AU - Sotoudeheian, Mohammadjavad

AU - Wong, Yu Jun

AU - Sharara, Ala I.

AU - Al-Busafi, Said A.

AU - Opio, Christopher Kenneth

AU - Chai, Jin

AU - Fouad, Yasser

AU - Shi, Yu

AU - Al-Mahtab, Mamun

AU - Zhang, Sujuan

AU - Pirola, Carlos Jose

AU - Wong, Vincent Wai Sun

AU - Zheng, Ming Hua

PY - 2025/4

Y1 - 2025/4

N2 - Background: This study utilised the Global Burden of Disease data (2010–2021) to analyse the rates and trends in point prevalence, annual incidence and years lived with disability (YLDs) for major chronic liver diseases, such as hepatitis B, hepatitis C, metabolic dysfunction-associated liver disease, cirrhosis and other chronic liver diseases. Methods: Age-standardised rates per 100,000 population for prevalence, annual incidence and YLDs were compared across regions and countries, as well as the socio-demographic index (SDI). Trends were expressed as percentage changes (PC) and estimates were reported with uncertainty intervals (UI). Results: Globally, in 2021, the age-standardised rates per 100,000 population for the prevalence of hepatitis B, hepatitis C, MASLD and cirrhosis and other chronic liver diseases were 3583.6 (95%UI 3293.6–3887.7), 1717.8 (1385.5–2075.3), 15018.1 (13756.5–16361.4) and 20302.6 (18845.2–21791.9) respectively. From 2010 to 2021, the PC in age-standardised prevalence rates were−20.4% for hepatitis B, −5.1% for hepatitis C, +11.2% for MASLD and + 2.6% for cirrhosis and other chronic liver diseases. Over the same period, the PC in age-standardized incidence rates were -24.7%, -6.8%, +3.2%, and +3.0%, respectively. Generally, negative associations, but with fluctuations, were found between age-standardised prevalence rates for hepatitis B, hepatitis C, cirrhosis and other chronic liver diseases and the SDI at a global level. However, MASLD prevalence peaked at moderate SDI levels. Conclusions: The global burden of chronic liver diseases remains substantial. Hepatitis B and C have decreased in prevalence and incidence in the last decade, while MASLD, cirrhosis and other chronic liver diseases have increased, necessitating targeted public health strategies and resource allocation.

AB - Background: This study utilised the Global Burden of Disease data (2010–2021) to analyse the rates and trends in point prevalence, annual incidence and years lived with disability (YLDs) for major chronic liver diseases, such as hepatitis B, hepatitis C, metabolic dysfunction-associated liver disease, cirrhosis and other chronic liver diseases. Methods: Age-standardised rates per 100,000 population for prevalence, annual incidence and YLDs were compared across regions and countries, as well as the socio-demographic index (SDI). Trends were expressed as percentage changes (PC) and estimates were reported with uncertainty intervals (UI). Results: Globally, in 2021, the age-standardised rates per 100,000 population for the prevalence of hepatitis B, hepatitis C, MASLD and cirrhosis and other chronic liver diseases were 3583.6 (95%UI 3293.6–3887.7), 1717.8 (1385.5–2075.3), 15018.1 (13756.5–16361.4) and 20302.6 (18845.2–21791.9) respectively. From 2010 to 2021, the PC in age-standardised prevalence rates were−20.4% for hepatitis B, −5.1% for hepatitis C, +11.2% for MASLD and + 2.6% for cirrhosis and other chronic liver diseases. Over the same period, the PC in age-standardized incidence rates were -24.7%, -6.8%, +3.2%, and +3.0%, respectively. Generally, negative associations, but with fluctuations, were found between age-standardised prevalence rates for hepatitis B, hepatitis C, cirrhosis and other chronic liver diseases and the SDI at a global level. However, MASLD prevalence peaked at moderate SDI levels. Conclusions: The global burden of chronic liver diseases remains substantial. Hepatitis B and C have decreased in prevalence and incidence in the last decade, while MASLD, cirrhosis and other chronic liver diseases have increased, necessitating targeted public health strategies and resource allocation.

KW - chronic liver diseases

KW - global burden of diseases

KW - incidence

KW - prevalence

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105000000412

U2 - 10.1111/liv.70058

DO - 10.1111/liv.70058

M3 - 文章

C2 - 40062742

AN - SCOPUS:105000000412

SN - 1478-3223

VL - 45

JO - Liver International

JF - Liver International

IS - 4

M1 - e70058

ER -

Global Burden of Major Chronic Liver Diseases in 2021

Abstract

UN SDGs

Keywords

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