Generalized linear model analysis of the relationship of four kinds of prenatal lifestyle factors and congenital heart disease

Objective: To explore the relationship of four kinds of lifestyle factors, namely, prenatal passive smoking, hair dyeing or perming, exposure to noise, living in a house renovated in the past one year, with congenital heart disease. Methods: A hospital-based case-control study was conducted. Totally 270 mothers in the case group and 1633 mothers in the control group were interviewed through a face-to-face questionnaire survey. A generalized linear model was employed to investigate the association between congenital heart disease and prenatal lifestyle factors. Results: Both in Model 1 and Model 2, prenatal hair dyeing or perming had no association with congenital heart disease. On the other hand, prenatal passive smoking, exposure to noise and living in a house renovated in the past one year all increased the risk of congenital heart disease. After adjustment for all confounders, the OR values were 1.771 (95% CI: 1.079-2.909), 2.079 (95% CI: 1.310-3.298), and 2.494 (95% CI: 1.511-4.116), respectively. Conclusion: Prenatal passive smoking, exposure to noise and living in a house renovated in the past one year are the risk factors for congenital heart disease. It is very important to avoid such factors during pre-pregnancy and pregnancy.