Female reproductive health monitoring: evolution from traditional sensors to memristor diagnostic systems

Currently, due to the significant complexity and dynamic characteristics of the occurrence, deterioration, and diagnosis of diseases related to the female reproductive system, higher requirements are put forward for monitoring technologies for such diseases, such as timeliness, sensitivity, and multidimensional information collection. Although disease diagnosis methods that rely on laboratory or traditional sensors typically have high accuracy, they still have certain limitations in terms of fast response, easy portability, and real-time detection. Herein, we review the research progress of monitoring technologies for female reproductive health, with a particular focus on the current status and development trends of memristors in the fields of biosensing and disease diagnosis. Because memristors rely on ion-driven resistive switching and are highly sensitive to interfacial physicochemical changes, they provide an emerging platform for rapid, label-free, and highly sensitive electrical transduction of biological signals. In particular, we summarize recent progress using memristors to detect biomolecules and cell types, as well as their emerging applications in reproductive disease diagnosis. We further discuss the potential applications and future development of memristors in gynecological tumor screening and pregnancy monitoring. Therefore, memristor-based sensing strategies may provide a promising direction for next-generation reproductive health monitoring.