Fabrication of robust hierarchical micro/nanostructures on tin-bronze substrate

To reduce the generated heat due to fluid friction, it is desirable to minimize the drag force at the solid-liquid interface. The boundary slip facilitates fluid velocity gradient and then the drag reduction. This endeavor intends to seek a practical process for fabrication robust hierarchical structures on tin-bronze substrate. The ordered structures at micrometer scale are successfully fabricated by through-mask electrochemical micromachining (TM-EMM) and three candidate fabrication processes involving electroless galvanic deposition, surface oxidation and ZnO nanostructures growth via wet-chemical route for structures at nanometer scale on metal surface are investigated. The fabricated results have been demonstrated and their properties of stability and wettability were evaluated. Experimental study results show that combining TH-EMM with ZnO nanostructures growth presents an effective process for fabrication of firm multi-level structures on metal surface.