Fabrication and Analysis of Anticancer Effects of Plasma-Activated Saline: Spatiotemporal Evolution of SDBD Plasma and Feedback of the Liquid Temperature

Surface dielectric barrier discharge (SDBD) plasma ionizes ambient air at room temperature to generate reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS). Gaseous RONS transferred into saline yield plasma-activated saline (PAS) showing promise for intracavitary tumor therapy. Hereon, the discharge parameters, RONS generation, and therapeutic efficacy on colorectal tumors using PAS are investigated. Elevated electrode temperatures increase discharge channels and ionization. Higher gas temperature and humidity facilitate NO₂, N₂O, and nitrogen oxides formation. PAS prepared with 23°C saline (vs. 4°C) enhances water evaporation and RONS loading, improving anticancer effects via metabolic disruption in vitro. In vivo, PAS immersion suppresses tumor growth without systemic toxicity. Initial solution parameters critically modulate SDBD discharge behavior and RONS generation, which are essential for optimizing therapeutic PAS.