Event-triggered memory sliding mode load frequency control of power system with BESSs against frequency-based deception attacks

An event-triggered memory sliding mode load frequency control (LFC) approach is proposed to address the cyber-security issue of multi-area power systems with battery energy storage systems (BESSs). To reveal the impact of cyber-attacks on the security and stability of multi-area power systems with BESSs, a frequency-based deception attack is considered as a contamination of the communication network. Attackers are assumed to determine the time of cyber-attacks by monitoring the operation status of the power systems with BESSs and designing the attack released condition with historical frequency. An event-triggered mechanism is investigated to reduce the communication pressure. In order to improve the triggering performance, a Lyapunov-based term is introduced in the triggering scheme. To ensure the stability of the power system under deception attacks, a memory sliding mode control (SMC) method is proposed in which the sliding mode surface is designed with a more effective structure. Based on integral inequality and Lyapunov's theorem, the stability conditions of the multi-area power systems with BESSs under historical frequency-based deception attacks are obtained by linear matrix inequality (LMI). The effectiveness of the proposed approach is discussed and confirmed by numerical simulations.