Efficient numerical schemes with unconditional energy stabilities for the modified phase field crystal equation

We consider numerical approximations for the modified phase field crystal equation in this paper. The model is a nonlinear damped wave equation that includes both diffusive dynamics and elastic interactions. To develop easy-to-implement time-stepping schemes with unconditional energy stabilities, we adopt the “Invari-ant Energy Quadratization” approach. By using the first-order backward Euler, the second-order Crank–Nicolson, and the second-order BDF2 formulas, we obtain three linear and symmetric positive definite schemes. We rigorously prove their unconditional energy stabilities and implement a number of 2D and 3D numerical experiments to demonstrate the accuracy, stability, and efficiency.