Efficacy evaluation and analysis of factors for hydatid cyst rupture into the peritoneal cavity: A systematic review

Objective: To retrospectively analyze domestic and foreign literature regarding the related factors and characteristics of hydatid cysts rupture into the abdominal cavity and summarize its diagnosis, treatment and preventive measures. Methods: Through systematic and comprehensive literature search, we collected 32 articles on hydatid cyst rupture into the abdominal cavity, which were published in 1988-2014 in Chinese or English. Results: The 32 articles on hydatid cyst rupture consisted of 14 ones published abroad and 18 domestic ones. Geographical distribution: Among the 2 044 cases involved, 1 007 were distributed abroad and 1 037 in China. Types of cyst rupture: rupture in 894 cases and rupture into the abdominal cavity in 385 cases. Sex distribution: 491 male and 288 female patients. Range of age: 3-76 years old, with the mean age of 39.5. The pathogenic site: mostly in the liver. Ruptured cyst size: mostly larger than 10 cm in diameter. Causes of rupture: mostly trauma. Clinical symptoms: With cystic hydatid breaking into the abdominal cavity, 365 patients had abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, abdominal tenderness and obvious signs of peritonitis with bounce pain. As the disease worsened, 176 patients had systemic allergic reaction, concurrent skin urticaria, anaphylactic shock, and increased count of white blood cells. Combined with clinical manifestations and abdominal ultrasound or CT diagnosis, this disease could be confirmed. The treatment of this disease usually adopted emergency laparotomy surgery, after which clinical cure was achieved in most patients, and it was highly dependent on the patient's clinical manifestation, timely diagnosis and diagnosis. Postoperative application of albendazole hydatid cyst on 327 patients led to low recurrence rate. Conclusion: Hydatid cyst rupture mainly occurs in hydatid-prevalent areas and among young and middle-aged men. The symptom of hydatid cyst rupture into the peritoneal cavity is relatively common. Cyst is usually located in the liver; furthermore, the larger the diameter of cyst, the higher probability of rupture. After the fracture patients usually have acute abdominal pain and systemic allergic reaction. Timely diagnosis and emergency surgery which thoroughly removes lesions and fluid are the key to treatment; postoperative application of albendazole hydatid cyst will be an effective way to prevent its recurrence.