Dynamic cooling-freezing mechanism and non-monotonic cooling-field dependence of exchange bias in(Formula presented) (Formula presented)In(Formula presented) (Formula presented)Heusler alloys

The phase transitions and cooling magnetic field regulation mechanism of the exchange bias (EB) field in (Formula presented) (Formula presented) In (Formula presented) (Formula presented) alloys were investigated through experiments and fitting. The alloys were frozen into spin glass at low temperature. The EB field initially increased and then decreased with increasing cooling field. As the In content increased, the peak value of EB field decreased, whereas the corresponding cooling field of the maximum EB field increased. To elucidate this phenomenon, we propose a dynamic cooling-freezing model. This model can effectively explain the laws and principles of the EB effect generated by spin glass frozen in different cooling fields, and is a supplement and correction to the currently accepted EB model. Our findings offer novel physical insights and a solid theoretical foundation for the design of advanced magnetic memory devices.