Dual ions co-doped V₂O₅ as a long-life and stable cathode for aqueous zinc-ion batteries

Layered vanadium pentoxide cathode materials with high theoretical specific capacity and open crystal structure are promising cathodes for aqueous zinc ion batteries, but their structural stability and capacity need to be further optimized. In this work, a dual ions co-doped vanadium pentoxide cathode (ZMVO) has been designed to modify its crystal structure. Sufficient Zn²⁺ ensure rapid storage and release of Zn²⁺ during cycling and the pre-inserted Mg²⁺ serve as a pillar to expand the layer spacing. Based on the robust structure, ZMVO cathode achieves an outstanding cyclic stability with a capacity retention of 76.1 % after 6000 cycles at a current density of 10 A g⁻¹.