Decentralized cooperative operation of multi-energy prosumers with heterogeneous thermal properties

The global energy transition toward decarbonization and decentralization necessitates enhanced sector integration and flexible operation of renewable energy systems. In this context, the electrification of heating plays a crucial role in coupling the electricity and heating sectors. However, existing research often neglects heterogeneous temperature-flow dynamic characteristics in cooperative operation of prosumers and less addresses privacy issues, posing challenges to the cooperative operation of prosumers. To address this issue, this paper proposes a decentralized cooperative framework that combines a detailed electro-thermal model with a warm-start adaptive-step alternating direction method of multipliers algorithm, and the Nash bargaining theory is introduced for fair benefit allocation. The proposed framework effectively addresses challenges posed by diverse temperature-flow characteristics using node-based formulation and requires minimal information exchange during decentralized optimization, thereby protecting data privacy. Numerical results validate the effectiveness of the proposed method. Compared with the non-cooperative framework, the proposed method reduces total operating costs by 5.58 % and achieves full self-consumption of local renewables. Moreover, the proposed algorithm converges 64 % faster than standard ADMM while maintaining a 0.33 % relative error compared to centralized solution. The results show the potential of the proposed method to enhance the efficiency, fairness, and privacy of prosumers cooperation in energy systems.