Decentralized and Private Solution for the Optimal Dispatch of Integrated Wind Farms With Shared Energy Storage Systems

The integration of variable wind power faces additional challenges with the increasing global emphasis on renewable energy integration. Energy storage systems (ESSs) can offer promising solutions but the implementations for individual wind farms (WFs) are deemed very costly. This article proposes an integrated model for WFs and shared energy storage systems (SESSs), where the WF power uncertainty is handled through chance constraints, and deviations and fluctuations are reasonably mitigated. Further, SESS is represented by physical and virtual ESS components, where the actual ESS automatically satisfies not simultaneously charging and discharging, and the virtual ESS offers resource hedging within a WF group to reduce actual ESS losses. A distributed homomorphic encryption-based method is proposed to ensure WF privacy during power allocations, where the privately obtained values serve as initial inputs for the proposed decentralized algorithm to balance the information utilization and privacy preservation, and reduce the computational iterations. Case studies validate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.