Data-Driven Time-Frequency Method and Its Application in Detection of Free Gas Beneath a Gas Hydrate Deposit

The time-frequency (TF) analysis method plays a significant role in the detection of natural gas hydrates. As a data-driven method, compressed sensing (CS) has been widely used in the TF methods due to the sparsity of the TF representation. This study proposes a data-driven TF method based on the CS theory and a non-convex regularization. In the implementation, a continuous wavelet transform (CWT) with a generalized beta wavelet (GBW) is formulated as an inverse problem based on the CS theory. The selection of appropriate parameters enables the GBW to match the seismic wavelets better than the widely used Morlet wavelet. The GBW can constitute a tight frame to reduce calculation time, particularly for large-scale field data processing. Additionally, the proposed TF method introduces the generalized minimax concave (GMC) penalty function as a non-convex regularization term. Compared with the classical sparse approximation method with $\ell {1} $ regularization, the GMC regularization term can enhance the sparsity in sparse inverse problems and ensure the convexity of sparse inversions. This article also presents an exponentially decreasing threshold scheme to adaptively select the regularization parameters. Three synthetic examples are investigated to demonstrate the performance of the proposed sparse TF representation with GMC regularization. Finally, the proposed TF method's performance in detecting free gas of gas hydrates is validated using field seismic data obtained from the Blake Ridge.