Cumulative live birth rates following intrauterine insemination using donor and husband sperm in different age groups: A cohort study of 10 415 insemination cycles

Objectives: To assess the age-specific cumulative live birth rates (CLBRs) in intrauterine insemination (IUI) cycles using either donor or husband sperm, and to investigate the impact of sperm sources on IUI success among women within the same age group. Methods: This retrospective cohort study comprised women who underwent IUI with donor sperm (IUI-D) or husband sperm (IUI-H) from 2017 to 2021. The women were stratified based on their age at the initiation of insemination into four categories: <35, 35–37, 38–39 and ≥40 years. Results: A total of 5253 women undergoing 10 415 insemination cycles (3354 with IUI-D and 7061 with IUI-H) were included. The CLBRs decreased significantly with increasing maternal age within donor and husband insemination groups (P < 0.001). In the IUI-D group, the crude CLBRs were 61.50% in women aged <35, 48.91% in 35–37, 24.14% in 38–39 and 11.76% in the ≥40-year age category, respectively. The corresponding rates in the IUI-H group were 27.62%, 22.96%, 13.73% and 6.90%, respectively. Within the <35 and 35–37-year age categories, the CLBRs were significantly higher following IUI-D cycles compared to IUI-H cycles, with hazard ratios (HR) of 1.85 (1.68–2.04) and 1.69 (1.16–2.47), respectively. However, within the 38–39 and ≥40-year age categories, both IUI-D and IUI-H resulted in comparable low CLBRs, with HRs of 1.91 (0.77–4.76) and 1.80 (0.33–9.86), respectively. Conclusion: Advanced maternal age affects the whole process of fertility. Therefore, it could be reasonable to limit the number of IUI performed in women aged 40 years and older, even in couple using donor sperm for reproduction.