Constructing multi-type defects in In_0.1Sb_1.9Te₃-(MgB₂)_x composites: Simultaneously enhancing the thermoelectric and mechanical properties

Nanostructure technologies promote Sb₂Te₃ based alloys as powerful candidates for mid-temperature thermoelectric materials, but their actual application needs further breakthrough on both zT value and mechanical properties. Here, we prepare nanostructured In_0.1Sb_1.9Te₃ with MgB₂ addition, obtaining a high zT value of 1.01 at 673 K with significantly enhanced mechanical strength. It is found that the magnesium dissolves into the matrix lattice, while the boron (B) mainly precipitates out or enters into the van der Waal gaps. Combining with the occurrence of twin and domain boundaries, multi-type defects are constructed to simultaneously adjust the carrier and phonon transport, leading to enhanced power factor and reduced lattice/bipolar thermal conductivity. Meanwhile, the B interstitials and B-rich nanoprecipitates could effectively strengthen the materials. Especially at 673 K, the compressive strength is increased over 600% from < 1 MPa for In_0.1Sb_1.9Te₃ to 7.5 MPa for In_0.1Sb_1.9Te₃-(MgB₂)_0.015, overcoming the high-temperature softening problem and guaranteeing the service stability. Ultimately, a segmented leg composing of this material and low-temperature ternary alloy (Bi, Sb)₂Te₃ is fabricated through simple one-step sintering with a high conversion of 7% under a temperature difference of 375 K.