Comparative Advantage, Multidimensional Proximity and Labour Return Migration: Evidence From Induced Whole Networks

Comparative advantage and multidimensional proximity between origin and destination regions intricately shape labour return migration. However, prior studies have predominantly focused on the adverse economic conditions of destination cities, neglecting the dual influence of both origins and destinations. To address this gap, we utilize data from the 2019 China Household Finance Survey (CHFS) and the National Bureau of Statistics to construct whole networks of interprovincial origin-destination relationships. Employing social network multiple regression quadratic assignment procedure (MRQAP) regression and exponential random graph models (ERGMs), the study examines how interprovincial comparative advantages and multidimensional proximity affect labour return migration. Our findings underscore the critical role of comparative advantages and multidimensional proximity between origin and destination regions in shaping labour return. Specifically, origins with higher economic levels and better employment opportunities relative to destinations are more likely to attract returning labour. Additionally, stronger information proximity and social proximity between origins and destinations further facilitate labour return. These findings enrich the theoretical framework of population migration and also deepen our understanding of labour return mechanisms, offering guidance for promoting orderly labour return and facilitating regional coordinated development.