Clinical effects on the prevention of alveolar bone absorption by site preservation after tooth extraction due to periodontitis

Objective: To observe the clinical effects on prevention of alveolar bone absorption by site preservation after tooth extraction due to periodontitis. Methods: The experimental group consisted of 40 patients with 45 extracted teeth due to periodontitis. The fresh sockets were immediately grafted and filled with Bio-oss collagen and Bio-Gide after minimally invasive tooth extraction, while 40 teeth of control group were only treated with cotton balls bitten tightly over the socket for half an hour. Two groups were observed for changes in alveolar bone density by X-ray and cone beam CT (CBCT) after 6 months. Results: There were the wound healing and no infection in extraction site of all patients with or without site preservation operation. The gingiva of extraction site was pink and tough in all groups. The alveolar bone loss in regular extraction patients significantly increased in horizontal and vertical aspects by X-ray and CBCT, while site preservation improved the alveolar bone defects (P<0.05). After site preservation for 6 months, CBCT analysis showed that the density of new alveolar bone markedly enhanced compared with regular extraction group. Conclusion: The technique of site preservation after tooth extraction due to periodontitis is a method which can prevent and reduce disuse atrophy absorption of the alveolar ridge so that the height and width of the alveolar bone can meet aesthetic requirements.