Charge transfer, transportation, and simulation

This chapter discusses charge transfer and transportation in energy materials and devices, especially focusing on single layer or electrolyte-free fuel cells (EFFCs). Here, charge means electrons and both positive and negative ions, e.g. H⁺ and O^2-. We will study the factors that affect the charges resulting in conduction either externally for electrons or internally for both electrons and ions in EFFCs. Theoretical simulations are carried out by considering specific characteristics EFFC processes. Moreover, the enhancement in ionic conductivity is discussed leading to superionic conduction.