Characterization methods and research progresses for stretching orientation and strain-induced crystallization of elastomers

Stretching orientation and strain-induced crystallization of rubber is widely recognized to play key role in the self-reinforcement of natural rubber and some synthetic rubbers (such as chloroprene rubber, butyl rubber and hydrogenated nitrile-butadiene rubber) . Therefore, studying these phenomena and behavior has substantial significance for understanding the mechanism of the rubber reinforcing. In this review, various characterization methods concerning stretching orientation and strain-induced crystallization of polymer materials as well as principles, features and applicable scope of these methods were summarized and compared. Current progresses in the research about stretching orientation and strain-induced crystallization of nano-fillers (including carbon black, silica, nano clay and carbon nanotube) reinforced rubber composites as well as thermoplastic elastomers were surveyed. Finally, the future developing trend in this research field was prospected.