Boosting Energy Storage Performance of Glass Ceramics via Modulating Defect Formation During Crystallization

Along with the demand for further miniaturization of high and pulsed power devices, it becomes more and more important to realize ultrahigh recoverable energy storage density (W_rec) with high energy storage efficiency (η) and ultrahigh discharge energy storage density (W_d) accompanied by high power density (P_d) in dielectrics. To date, it remains, however, a big challenge to achieve high W_rec or W_d in glass ceramics compared to other dielectric energy storage materials. Herein, a strategy of defect formation modulation is applied to form “amorphous-disordered-ordered” microstructure in BaTiO₃-based glass ceramics so as to achieve a high W_rec of 12.04 J cm⁻³ with a high η of 81.1% and an ultrahigh W_d of 11.98 J cm⁻³ with a superb P_d of 973 MW cm⁻³. This work demonstrates a feasible route to obtain glass ceramics with an outstanding energy storage performance and proves the enormous potential of glass ceramics in high and pulsed power applications.