Bioengineering of Roots and Periodontal Tissues

This chapter describes the current knowledge and recent development in stem cell-mediated root regeneration combined with clinical crown restoration, which may be a promising approach to restore missing teeth and to replace dental implants. Periodontal regeneration mediated by periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) and their applications are also reviewed and discussed. Clinical assessment, CT scanning, and histopathology are used to evaluate PDLSC-mediated periodontal tissue regeneration. Further investigation is needed before clinical trials take place, including the establishment of growth and differentiation conditions that induce lineage specific commitment and protocols that ensure the safe and effective use of stem cells for bioroot and periodontal regeneration.