Bioengineered Violet Phosphorus Hybrid Nanoassembly for Pathogen-Specific Eradication of Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria

As an emerging 2D material, violet phosphorus nanosheet (VPN) has gained considerable attention since its first coverage in 2019. However, its potential in biomedical applications remains largely unexplored. Herein, a VPN-based hybrid nanoassembly is presented for specific navigation and eradication of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Particularly, macrophage membrane preconditioned with MRSA is extracted to construct a bioengineered nanoshell, which is further cloaked onto vancomycin (Van)-loaded, photodynamically active VPN to fabricate Van/VPN@M for combating multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria-related local skin infections. Leveraging this bioinspired coating, Van/VPN@M enables precise, infection site-targeted delivery and synergistic antibacterial action. Upon laser irradiation, Van/VPN@M completely eradicates MDR bacteria, relieves local inflammation, and promotes skin repair in murine models of MRSA-infected wound and subcutaneous abscess. Collectively, this versatile antibacterial platform not only expands the biomedical applicability of VPN, but also holds great promise to advance the therapeutic options for MDR bacteria-associated infections.