An incompressible-compressible multiphase mesh-free particle method for boiling and condensation simulation

The description of boiling and condensation phenomena presents a challenging problem. We propose a Lagrangian incompressible-compressible mesh-free particle method for modeling multiphase flows involving boiling and condensation. This multiphase scheme combines the moving particle semi-implicit method with the smoothed particle hydrodynamics method, while incorporating a phase transformation model based on heat transfer to simulate gas-liquid phase transformation. Gas volume expansion and shrinkage are accounted for through particle splitting and merging techniques. Numerical investigations demonstrate the effectiveness and accuracy of this multiphase method and phase transformation model, including simulations of multiphase dam-break flow, rising bubble, Stefan problem, and sucking problem. Our approach successfully simulates the boiling growth and condensing collapse of vapor bubbles, which is validated against numerical and experimental results. Stable and relatively accurate simulations can be achieved for bubble collapse processes under different water subcooling degrees, gas overheating degrees, surface tension values, and bubble sizes. The complex process of boiling before condensation can be accurately reproduced.