AIDS-related Kaposi sarcoma in a 29-year-old man is successfully treated with only combination antiretroviral therapy

Introduction: Kaposi sarcoma (KS) is a multicentric angio-proliferative cancer caused by KS-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) infection, that has long remained the most common malignant condition in HIV-infected patients. Currently, KS is treated with a variety of treatments. Here we present a case of AIDS(Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome)-related Kaposi sarcoma with hepatitis B treated with combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) alone. Case presentation: A 29-year-old Chinese man is presented with a purple smooth nodule on the left upper extremity and Numerous violaceous plaques and nodules on the bilateral lower extremities. A skin biopsy from the left upper extremity confirmed the diagnosis of KS. cART with efavirenz, lamivudine, and tenofovir was performed and resulted in the improvement of clinical characteristics and laboratory results. There has no aggravation of the KS during 2 years of follow-up. Discussion: KS is the most common tumor in patients with AIDS, and is a rare cutaneous neoplasm in China. Some therapies may be available, while the cornerstone strategy is cART. Clinicians should focus on reducing damage and individual difference to the patient, to obtain better therapeutic efficacy. Conclusion: We observed a case of AIDS-related KS with hepatitis B. With the prompt treatment of cART, the patient achieved the regression of KS lesions and ameliorated disease symptoms.