Aggravated fine particulate matter emissions from heating-upgraded biomass and biochar combustion: The effect of pretreatment temperature

Heat pretreatment is a promising method for biomass upgrading. However, PM formation from the combustion of such pretreated biomass has not been fully evaluated. In this work, the effect of pretreatment temperature on PM emission of the upgraded biomass and biochar combustion was studied in an entrained flow reactor. The physical and chemical properties of upgraded biomass, biochar and PMs at varied pretreatment temperatures were obtained to illustrate the PM formation mechanism. Results show that pretreatment temperature significantly affects the concentration and particle size distribution of PM emissions, through changing the char yield and K/Cl contents in char. With increase in pretreatment temperature, the PM_1.0 emission of upgraded biomass and biochar combustion first increases, reaches maximum at 500 °C, and then decreases. A linear relationship between the PM_1.0 emission and Cl content in upgraded biomass and biochar was found. This result indicates that the combustion of upgraded biomass and biochar produced at moderate temperatures of 250–500 °C result in aggravated fouling and PM emissions.