Advancements in Metal–Organic Framework Materials for Photocatalytic CO₂ Reduction

In recent years, metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have garnered significant attention as highly efficient catalysts for CO₂ photoreduction, owing to their unique electronic configurations and exceptional CO₂ adsorption properties. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of recent advancements in the design, synthesis, and application of MOF-based photocatalysts for CO₂ reduction. Following a concise overview of the fundamental properties of MOF materials, the review focuses on pure MOFs, highlighting the structural and functional roles of metal clusters and organic ligands. Subsequently, it explores into MOF-based composites, analyzing their compositional design, CO₂ uptake capabilities, and photocatalytic efficiency. This review concludes by discussing the current challenges, future opportunities, and potential research directions for MOF photocatalysts in the field of CO₂ conversion, offering valuable insights to advance this rapidly progressing field.