Advanced strategies based on nanomedicine for Liver fibrosis treatment

Liver fibrosis (LF) is a significant pathological manifestation in various types of chronic liver diseases and is associated with substantial global morbidity and mortality. While liver transplantation remains a treatment option, existing clinical pharmacological interventions face limitations, highlighting the urgent need for novel therapeutic approaches. The emergence of nanobiotechnology has introduced nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems as a promising avenue for the treatment of liver-related ailments. This review systematically categorizes and synthesizes the diverse nanomaterials currently employed in the management of LF. It analyzes existing nanoplatforms used for LF treatment, focusing on various mechanisms for targeting and regulating specific cell types, including hepatic stellate cells, liver sinusoidal endothelial cells, and Kupffer cells. Additionally, strategies for regulating the fibrotic microenvironment, such as modulating extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition and degradation and mitigating inflammatory and oxidative stress, are explored. Finally, potential future directions and challenges for nanoparticle-based LF therapies are discussed.