Advanced catalytic materials for ethanol oxidation in direct ethanol fuel cells

Direct ethanol fuel cells (DEFCs) have emerged as promising and advanced power systems that can considerably reduce fossil fuel dependence, and thus have attracted worldwide attention. DEFCs have many apparent merits over the analogous devices fed with hydrogen or methanol. As the key constituents, the catalysts for both cathodes and anodes usually face some problems (such as high cost, low conversion efficiency, and inferior durability) that hinder the commercialization of DEFCs. This review mainly focuses on the most recent advances in nanostructured catalysts for anode materials in DEFCS. First, we summarize the effective strategies used to achieve highly active Ptand Pd-based catalysts for ethanol electro-oxidation, including composition control, microstructure design, and the optimization of support materials. Second, a few non-precious catalysts based on transition metals (such as Fe, Co, and Ni) are introduced. Finally, we outline the concerns and future development of anode catalysts for DEFCs. This review provides a comprehensive understanding of anode catalysts for ethanol oxidation in DEFCs.